Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction
(ii) Isotonic solutions
(iii) Van’t Hoff factor
(iv) Ideal solution
(i) Mole fraction
(ii) Isotonic solutions
(iii) Van’t Hoff factor
(iv) Ideal solution
(i) Mole fraction is the ratio of number of moles of one component to the total number of moles in a mixture.
where = number of moles of component A.
= number of moles of component B.
(ii) Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic solutions.
(iii) Van’t Hoff factor is the ratio of normal molecular mass and observed molecular mass.
(iv) Ideal solution : The solution which follows Raoult’s law over entire range of concentrations at specific temperature is called ideal solution.
where = number of moles of component A.
= number of moles of component B.
(ii) Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic solutions.
(iii) Van’t Hoff factor is the ratio of normal molecular mass and observed molecular mass.
(iv) Ideal solution : The solution which follows Raoult’s law over entire range of concentrations at specific temperature is called ideal solution.
Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in which the mole fraction of water is 0.88.
A 1.00 molar aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl₃COOH) is heated to its boiling point. The solution has the boiling point of 100.18 °C. Determine the van’t Hoff factor for trichloroacetic acid. ( for water = 0.512 K kg mol⁻¹).
Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in which the mole fraction of water is 0.88.
(i) Write the colligative property which is used to find the molecular mass of macromolecules.
(ii) In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of minimum boiling azeotropes?
The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 × 10⁻² g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution were to contain 5.0 × 10⁻² g of ethane, then what will be the partial pressure of the gas ?
In a galvanic cell, the following cell reactions occurs:
E°cell = +1.56 V
(i) Is the direction of flow of electrons from zinc to silver or silver to zinc?
(ii) How will concentration of Zn²⁺ ions and Ag⁺ ions be affected when the cell functions?
What is meant by ‘disproportionation’ ? Give an example of a disproportionation reaction in aqueous solution.