State Raoult’s law for a solution containing nonvolatile solute. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by a solution of chloroform and acetone and why?
State Raoult’s law for the solution containing volatile components. What is the similarity between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law ?
State Raoult’s law. How is it formulated for solutions of non-volatile solutes ?
Derive expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatile.
Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law ? Give an example. What is the sign of H for positive deviation ?
Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law ?
Give an example.
Why a mixture of Carbon disulphide and acetone shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law? What type of azeotrope is formed by this mixture?
(i) Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two gases will have the higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why ?
(ii) In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of maximum boiling azeotropes ?
Explain why on addition of 1 mol of NaCl to 1 litre of water, the boiling point of water increases, while addition of 1 mol of methyl alcohol to one litre of water decreases its boiling point.
The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B at 400 K are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively. Find out the composition of liquid mixture if total pressure at this temperature is 600 mm Hg.
(a) 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg.
(b) Write two differences between ideal solutions and non-ideal solutions.
What are isotonic solutions ?
What is meant by term reverse osmosis ?
Define the following terms :
(i) Isotonic solutions
(ii) Van’t Hoff factor